Drug And Alcohol Abuse Essay - 994 Words

If I were an advisor to the Governor of Missouri, the issue I would encourage him to address is the manufacture of drugs and the use of drugs and alcohol throughout our state. The advice I would give him is to impose stiffer penalties for those who manufacture drugs and focus on prevention, and, most importantly, rehabilitation, of those who abuse alcohol or drugs.According to the Missouri Department of Mental Health, alcohol and drug abuse affects more than 259,000 Missourians and another 800,000 who are family members of substance abusers. That is roughly 20% of Missourians who are affected. Intoxication by the means of drugs and alcohol contribute to a great percentage of deaths statewide from burns, fires, homicides, assaults,†¦show more content†¦Once in college, these students get drug-tested every semester and the scholarship is renewed every semester they are drug-free. This is by far the best solution I have seen to keep our youth off of drugs and there should be mo re scholarships like it.For those who are arrested for abusing drugs and/ or alcohol, there should be mandatory rehabilitation if the party involved is convicted. A jail term, fine and/ or community service should be mandated as well, but without rehabilitation, the person convicted will be more likely to continue abusing drugs and/ or alcohol. Drug and/ or alcohol addicts need to feel love and peer support despite their faults in order to make any progress on the road to rehabilitation. Often times, a jail sentence, fine and/ or community service alone causes only resentment and defiance among addicts. These individuals need to be around people who care for them and Alcoholics and Narcotics Anonymous provides these individuals with the support that they need. In order to fully understand drug and alcohol addiction, we must first comprehend the phases of addiction itself. According to a handout given to addicts at the Lester E. Cox Medical Center the first stage of addiction is called the pleasure stage. This stage includes peer pressure, curiosity, attraction, release of inhibitions and relaxation. This is the stage in which usage isShow MoreRelatedDrug Alcohol And Alcohol Abuse Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesDrug and Alcohol Abuse Drug and alcohol abuse is something that is happening more and more often it seems. There are many reason for this happening. First of all, people experiment with drugs and alcohol mainly out of curiosity. Maybe their friends are doing it, they just want to have a good time, or they could be hoping to improve athletic performance. It is common thing at parties and social gatherings for people to feel the need to drink or try drugs. Another reason start to use and abuse drugsRead MoreDrug Abuse And Alcohol Abuse749 Words   |  3 Pagesworking for the State of New Hampshire in particular the Bureau of Drug and Alcohol Services. This is an agency within an agency. The main reason I chose this area is due to two factors: the first one is that drug and alcohol is such a sever addiction that it is almost impossible for the individual to get out of it on their own. The second factor is first-hand experience. I myself have been down the same road as so many others with drug abuse and add iction. I certainly believe that this experience willRead MoreAlcohol and Drug Abuse1722 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol and Drug Addiction Samara Kitchens COM/156 Instructor: Sunday, May 19, 2013 There was a missing person report across the news today, my co-worker stated. I never paid any attention to it; I went on about my day as if everything was fine. When I arrived at home I had severalRead MoreThe Abuse Of Drugs And Alcohol1365 Words   |  6 PagesThe abuse of drugs and alcohol has been a known issue over past decades. The media paints the picture that alcohol and drug use is fun and the only way to have a good time. While alcohol in moderation is fine, many people find themselves going over board and abusing it. Elicit drugs like cocaine and heroin are highly addictive and have several adverse effects. People find themselves depressed and anxious so they ultimately try to use these drugs to mask the pain instead of getting help for theirRead MoreThe Drug Of Drug And Alcohol Abuse Essay1531 Words   |  7 PagesThe movie Trainspotting is an entertaining look into the dark world of drug and alcohol abuse. Heroin is the drug of choice for the protagonist , but other substances are also consumed throughout the film: heroin, prescription medication, opium, hash, amphetamines, and alcohol are a constant presence in the story. Repeated polysubstance abuse combined with a negative social environment and a weak support structure compounds the problems of Renton, a heroin addicted young adult man living in ScotlandRead MoreThe Abuse Of Drugs And Alcohol1146 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper examines how the abuse of drugs and alcohol can drastically alter the dynamics of the family as a whole. Addiction is a chronic disorder that tears families apart as it destroys the individuals themselves. There is a thin line that family members walk in order to function with an addict daily. The impact that family member have can either be a positive facilitator towards the addicts recovery or the family can become drawn into the addicts world of abuse and addiction. There are variousRead MoreDrug Alcohol And Drug Abuse1773 Words   |  8 Pagesnet - guide - Avoiding Alcohol And Drug Abuse In College College is a time of great personal growth and education, but it is also a time to have a lot of fun. Unfortunately, people often take this fun too far by delving into excessive drug and alcohol abuse. This impacts millions of college students every year in multiple ways, including creating a lifelong addiction, causing educational problems, and even personal injury. However, it is possible to avoid alcohol and drug abuse in college. It takesRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol And Drug Abuse919 Words   |  4 Pagesof Alcohol and Drug Abuse There may be some things that you don t know about the impact of drug and alcohol abuse on friends and family and how your friends and family may react to your choices. Having knowledge about alcohol and drug abuse, preventing toxic relationship with friends, and being informed about the consequences of drug and alcohol abuse can prevent the harmful use or consumption of drugs and alcohol. First and foremost, having knowledgeable information on the impact drugs andRead MoreAdolescent Drug Abuse And Alcohol1426 Words   |  6 Pages1 RUNNING HEAD: Alcohol and Drug Abuse Adolescent Drug Abuse and Alcohol Nyria Madison Liberty University Coun 620 Abstract Around the world we are finding that most adolescent are experiencing drugs and alcohol. This has been a huge issue for years. This has become a trend in society as of today. This paper will discuss the perspective of adolescent alcohol and drugs. This paper will also identify and inform you on the common predictors of adolescentRead MoreThe Problem Of Drugs And Alcohol Abuse765 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction My chosen contemporary social problem is drugs and alcohol abuse. It goes without saying that drugs and alcohol abuse is one of the most significant social problems not only in the United States but also around the world. As a matter of facts, drugs and alcohol abuse is a problem with innumerable effects both on the body and mind of a person. Many times, these adverse impacts affect the families, friends, and acquaintances of the addict whereby, for instance, the latter may lose their

Obesity Is An Issue That Occurs - 1923 Words

Obesity is an issue that occurs more often in society today, and to be obese means that an individual has too much body fat which comes from factors in example as muscle, bone, fat, and their body water. Obesity occurs over a period where an individual consumes more calories than they use throughout a day. Factors that may lead to obesity can include the person’s weight, their genetic composition, overeating, eating foods high in fats, and not being physically active throughout that period. The Body Mass Index (BMI) is still used to estimate the body fat of someone over the 20% threshold of average fatness, and anyone over that threshold would be declared obese according to the BMI. With the BMI being measure from average weights and the†¦show more content†¦The Body Mass Index ranges from the levels of underweight, normal, overweight, obese, extremely obese, and morbidly obese. Below is a chart provided too shows an example of some of these categories, so they can be better understood. As stated before the BMI is an estimate of both body weight and height that can determine where someone falls on the chart. An example of this would be someone of fifty-eight inches in height being in the normal range of BMI with the numbers of 19 to 24, by weighing 91 to 115 pounds, and as stated before this is just an estimate due to the BMI not being exact in number yet. The effects and diseases caused by obesity are things such as coronary heart disease which is where plaque builds up in the coronary arteries, which supply oxygenated blood to the heart. The plaque can restrict the blood flow which can lead to angina, which is extreme discomfort in the chest or worst of all a heart attack (NIH 1). Another adverse effect of obesity is type II diabetes is where the person’s blood sugar levels are too high, but they can create insulin just not enough to control the sugar levels in their blood. Diabetes can lead to early death, stroke, or blindness (NIH 1). Those two diseases just go to show the fact that obesity just like anything can kill people at young ages and there are more diseases such as; osteoarthritis which is â€Å"Osteoarthritis is aShow MoreRelatedObesity as a Social and Medical Problem Essay1316 Words   |  6 Pages Obesity has become an epidemic in our over indulgent North American society. In addition to body image issues, obesity causes significant health issues. Society often views obesity to be a disease when it is actually a sign of a disorder, genetic or environmental. The percentage of our population that is growing overweight is increasing every year, and can become a very serious issue if it is not dealt with urgently. Problems relating to self-confidence, self-consciousness, and isolation canRead MoreObesity : A Silent Killer Invading Many Countries Across The World Essay1000 Words   |  4 PagesMichael Mosura Mr. Johnston English II 19 October 2016 Obesity There is a silent killer invading many countries across the world. The elusive murderer is called obesity. Obesity can be caused and prevented several ways. The health risks caused by obesity get worse the more obese people are or the higher Body Mass Index (BMI) people have. Many diseases and life-threatening problems occur while obese. Obesity, a plague that is infecting millions every year, is caused by several personal habits andRead MoreObesity Is Defined As A Disorder1033 Words   |  5 Pages Obesity is defined as a disorder resulting in excessive amount of body fat. In today’s society, obesity seen in the adolescent population has vastly increased from previous years. As a result, many health issues, such as diabetes, are now more common to see in adolescents. Due to the increasing numbers who suffer from obesity, it is important to treat and advise adolescents about healthy living and encourage them to be more active to decrease the risks of severe health issues they may face whenRead MorePreventing the Huge Problem of Obesity1208 Words   |  5 PagesDo you know anyone that is obese? The main point on this paper is going to focusing on obesity and how can we prevent obesity becoming a huge problem. This research paper will cover how to prevent obesity from happening. The main things I want to cover is how can healthy eating habits, exercising daily help, and how can getting a good rest will help. `Obesity has become a huge problem among teens and adults in our society. The percentage of children and teens that are overweight is quickly growingRead MoreObesity : The Elusive Murderer Essay985 Words   |  4 Pagescalled obesity. Obesity can be caused and prevented several ways. The health risks caused by obesity get worse the more obese people are or the higher Body Mass Index (BMI) people have. Many diseases and life-threatening problems occur while obese. Obesity, a plague that is infecting millions every year, is caused by several personal habits and can generate many life-threatening problems. Obesity is gradually growing all across the world. There are many sad predictions being made about obesity ratesRead MoreObesity in America787 Words   |  4 PagesGood news! We’re Number 2! As declared by a 2013 report from the U.N., America has only the second highest obesity rate in the world at 31.8%, second to Mexico with an obesity rate of 32.8%. America has held on to the title of most obese country for over 60 years. From 13% obesity in 1962, estimates have steadily increased right up to 2013’s 32.8%. This may sound like good news, but the harsh truth is that America didn’t reach the number 2 spot through sweeping diet changes or social conscienceRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesChildhood obesity is at an all-time high in the United States and should be a major concern for the nation. With childhood obesity steadily rising, it is imperative that actions be implemented to offset this trend. Childhood obesity places children at a significantly higher risk for a multitude of physical and psychological health concerns. It is important to understand the actions that have been set in motion that attempt to resolve this issue. Additionally, it should be determined if these actionsRead MoreObesity And Methods Of Prevention1631 Words   |  7 PagesOmer Professor Pozos Biology 100 9 December 2014 Obesity and Methods of Prevention In the United States alone, there are more than 78.6 million obese adults. Obesity is a disease that is growing rapidly and has the ability to rip families apart due to the massive destruction it causes to one’s health. Obesity is a very deadly disease and it needs to be stopped. But are there ways to prevent it and save many lives? In this essay, I will explain obesity from a biological perspective and state the differentRead MoreObesity as a Social Issue Through the Advancement of Technology1026 Words   |  5 PagesThe prevailing conception of obesity is one that holds the individual, and by extent their personal experiences and actions, accountable for their current state. However, this perspective is full of ideology and cultural beliefs, thus, we fail to recognise obesity as a social construct. Alterations in personal milieu can be said to be a product of cultural transformation and the entwinement of institutions. Therefore, to distinguish obesity as a social issue ra ther than a personal trouble, it isRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity1692 Words   |  7 Pages  Ã‚  Obesity in America is a health issue which needs to be addressed, but many do not realize that obesity is an issue that needs to be addressed in more ways than one.   Because Americans are not knowledgeable in the issue of obesity, many in society view obese people as unhealthy and irresponsible and treat them with disrespect.   How to overcome and prevent obesity, its causes, and different treatments are all ways that obesity needs to be addressed; however, the disrespect towards those who are obese

Wimax Networks for Data Encryption Standard -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theWimax Networks for Data Encryption Standard. Answer: Introduction: WiMAX or Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access is a coalition of the wireless industry for the advancement of IEEE 802.16 standards for broadband wireless access (BWA) networks. WiMAX (Pareit et al., 2012) is commonly known as 4G network and is a wireless wide area network (WAN) that can cover the area same as DSL lines but without wires. 3DES (Data Encryption Standard) (Singh, 2013) and AES (Advanced encryption standard) (Ahmad Ismail, 2016) is used by WiMAX to encrypt the data transferred on the network. The 3DES uses three different keys to encrypt the data. Each data is of the length of 56-bits each. In some softwares the performance becomes slow due to the use of this three keys. The 3DES is becoming obsolete due to its slow performance and the limit of length of the keys. Advanced Encryption Standard (Rewagad Pawar, 2013) is the main tool used for encryption in WiMAX technology. Encryption key of 128-bit, 192-bit and 256-bit is supported by the advanced encryption s tandard. AES is a popular algorithm which was built from CCMP. 3DES is much slower than AES. Advanced Encryption standard is much more easy to implement and a very little memory is used. However, AES does not require dedicated processors on board the BS, and m their might be a risk of not being used by all end-user terminals. Initially this helps in considering the fact that 3DES still remains a vital encryption tool on the WiMAX (Dadhich, Narang Yadav 2012) network in spite of the presence of advanced encryption standard. Disadvantages of WAPN technology: The most common WAPN technology are the Bluetooth and the ZigBee network. Both this technology faces the same difficulty as that of the security issues faced by the wireless technology. Problems faced by Bluetooth technology are listed below: Eavesdropping This is a process by which an attacker can sniff into the air of Bluetooth transmission and exploit the right vulnerabilities, read or listen to the data(Saliou et al.).That means someone is conversing using a Bluetooth headset then someone can potentially listen to it. Bluesnarfing This is a process in which an attacker can pair to a device and once devices are paired, access and steal information from the Bluetooth device becomes very easy. The pairing is usually done without the knowledge of the user, which possiblyresults in stolen contact information, photos, videos, calendar events, and more(Ketari Khanum, 2012). Blue bugging- An attacker caneasily remote control the various aspects of the users device. Sending of outgoing calls and texts, forwarding of incoming calls and texts, change of settings, and watching of screens and keypresses and many other things(Rawat Bhattacharya, 2016). Denial of servicein this process an attacker can put unwanted stuffs in the users device, block the communications, drain the battery of the device, or even crashes the device. Problems faced by ZigBee technology: Sniffing: there are many networks which do not use proper encryption as a result the attackers take advantage to sniff all the communications with the proper use equipments. in this attack all the information from a network is collected, which is possible in a network which implements the standard generic security level protocols for communication(Olawumi et al., 2014). Replay attack: This type of attack is a key based attack where the attacker records the approved traffic on a network and paly it later which causes a malicious effect. This attacks are straight forward for ZigBees which do not implement a do not implement any encryption for the communication(Vidgren et al., 2013). Physical Attacks: this type of attacks are most common and involves the tampering of ZigBee devices by locating it. Hard coded encryption keys which are loaded in the RAM are often employed by radios operating in the ZigBee network once the device is powered.as the devices in the network are disturbed and flashed so there remains a possibility of replacing the keys becomes less and having known the issues the attackers can set up special serial interfaces in order to intercept the encryption key in the ZigBee device when the power rises from flash to RAM(Ramsey, Mullins White, 2012). Denial of Service-There are many other methods along with the one mentioned above thereby making ZigBee network unsafe. Signal jamming, reflexive jamming, maximization of frame counter are some other problems faced by the network(Bahl, Sharma Verma, 2012). Energy Harvesting Faisal Karim, and Sherali Zeadally. "Energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks: A comprehensive review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 55 (2016): 1041-1054. This article discusses about the energy harvesting techniques used in daily lives. Energy harvesting is one of the emerging technology related to applications on indoor and outdoor environment. The demands for energy harvesting as increasing with the advancement of microelectronics and MEMS. This rep article also discusses about the problems and applications of energy harvesting. This has gained the attention of various stallholders which involves designs and implementation of this technology to face the energy demands of future wireless sensor networks. Moreover, this article focuses on the techniques required to meet the future energy demands of the WSNs. Specifically, this focuses on the classifications of the schemes used on energy harvesting techniques in WSNs. The article has thoroughly reviewed the classes and sub classes of energy harvesting techniques and the harvester mechanism along with the efficiency of the harvester. For each category the harvester hardware system has d ifferent design and has different harvesting capabilities. The different designs of the harvester determine the efficiency of the harvester. A survey has been conducted on various models aimed to predict the future energy cycles. The survey has proved that only few predictions technique has been used still far to in the area of modeling which states that the state-of-the-art is still immature. It has also been found that several open research challenges still need to be addressed in the future which includes the need to focus on the miniaturized generic harvesters. This can later be used in different environments with dynamic energy sources. The major reason for deploying energy harvesting technique is due to the major problem faced by WSN regarding energy. In cases if the energy of a sensor node depletes then it no longer plays its role unless and until a new source of energy is used or some harvesting technique has not been introduced to fulfill the energy gap. Ulukus, Sennur, et al. "Energy harvesting wireless communications: A review of recent advances." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 33.3 (2015): 360-381. 4. This article summarizes the application of energy harvesting in a broad area of wireless communication network. This article has covered a variety of topics which includes the information-theoretical and physical layer of performance limit to the scheduling policies and medium access control protocol. This article also discusses about the emerging model of energy transfer and cooperation that occurs with the information transfer of the wireless network. The article has also presented a model of total energy consumption. The threats faced by energy harvesting from physical and practical concerns has made this technique face new challenges. Taking practical conditions mathematical formulas are designed which increases the set of possibilities. The discussion of the energy and information transfer provides exciting possibilities that can be adapted in the future to adapt the network operations with improved performance. References: Ahmad, R., Ismail, W. (2016). Performance Comparison of Advanced Encryption Standard-128 Algorithms for WIMAX Application with Improved Power-Throughput.Journal of Engineering Science and Technology,11(12), 1-17. Bahl, N., Sharma, A. K., Verma, H. K. (2012). On Denial of Service Attacks for Wireless Sensor Networks.SYSTEM,17, 18. Dadhich, R., Narang, G., Yadav, D. M. (2012). Analysis and Literature Review of IEEE 802.16 e (Mobile WiMAX) Security.International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology,1, 167-173. Ketari, L., Khanum, M. A. (2012). A review of malicious code detection techniques for mobile devices.International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering,4(2), 212. Olawumi, O., Haataja, K., Asikainen, M., Vidgren, N., Toivanen, P. (2014, December). Three practical attacks against ZigBee security: Attack scenario definitions, practical experiments, countermeasures, and lessons learned. InHybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS), 2014 14th International Conference on(pp. 199-206). IEEE. Pareit, D., Lannoo, B., Moerman, I., Demeester, P. (2012). The History of WiMAX: A Complete Survey of the Evolution in Certification and Standardization for IEEE 802.16 and WiMAX.IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials,14(4), 1183-1211. Ramsey, B. W., Mullins, B. E., White, E. D. (2012, October). Improved tools for indoor ZigBee warwalking. InLocal Computer Networks Workshops (LCN Workshops), 2012 IEEE 37th Conference on(pp. 921-924). IEEE. Rawat, D. B., Bhattacharya, S. (2016). Wireless Body Area Network for Healthcare Applications. InAdvanced Methods for Complex Network Analysis(pp. 343-358). IGI Global. Rewagad, P., Pawar, Y. (2013, April). Use of digital signature with diffie hellman key exchange and AES encryption algorithm to enhance data security in cloud computing. InCommunication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT), 2013 International Conference on(pp. 437-439). IEEE. Saliou, D. A., Al-Khateeb, W. F. M., Olanrewaju, R. F., Fatai, S. Dual Authentication For Bluetooth Connection. Shaikh, F. K., Zeadally, S. (2016). Energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks: A comprehensive review.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,55, 1041-1054. Singh, G. (2013). A study of encryption algorithms (RSA, DES, 3DES and AES) for information security.International Journal of Computer Applications,67(19). Ulukus, S., Yener, A., Erkip, E., Simeone, O., Zorzi, M., Grover, P., Huang, K. (2015). Energy harvesting wireless communications: A review of recent advances.IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,33(3), 360-381. Vidgren, N., Haataja, K., Patino-Andres, J. L., Ramirez-Sanchis, J. J., Toivanen, P. (2013, January). Security threats in ZigBee-enabled systems: vulnerability evaluation, practical experiments, countermeasures, and lessons learned. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 5132-5138). IEEE.

Unvieling The Satire Of Swift Essay Research free essay sample

Unvieling The Satire Of Swift Essay, Research Paper To coevalss of schoolchildren, Gulliver s Travels has been a delicious visit to a faraway fantasy land. Upon a closer expression, Gulliver s Travels is found to be a potentially critical and really insightful piece, satirising the political and societal systems of eighteenth-century England. During the eighteenth-century there was an turbulence of commercialisation in London, England, ensuing in a alteration in attitude and idea in English society. It was an effort by the in-between category to obtain the self-respect and luster of the upper category, which resulted in the English society keeping themselves in high respects as an elect society of world. Jonathan Swift satirizes English society in many ways, utilizing metaphors to uncover his disapproval of it. Swift makes remarks turn toing specific subjects as current political contentions every bit good as cosmopolitan concerns like the moral devolution of adult male. Fleet utilizations in writing representations of the organic str ucture and its maps to uncover to the reader that magnificence is simply an semblance and a fa fruit drink to conceal behind. We will write a custom essay sample on Unvieling The Satire Of Swift Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Swift was one of the greatest ironists of his age and Gulliver s Travels is likely the vertex of his art. Gulliver s Travels is the narrative of Lemuel Gulliver, a ship s sawbones who has a figure of escapades, which comprises four subdivisions or books. In Book I, or the first ocean trip, his ship is blown off class and shipwrecked. Gulliver finds himself in a land of illumination people where his elephantine size is meant as a metaphor for his high quality over the Lilliputians. This metaphor represented England s belief that it had high quality over other civilizations. Swift goes on to show that despite his belief in high quality, Gulliver is non every bit great as he makes himself out to be when the forces of nature call upon him. Gulliver says to the reader that before manus he, was under great troubles between urgency and shame, and after the title says that he felt, guilty of so uncleanly an action ( Jonathan Swift, Nortaon Anthology of English Literature, New York: Norton, 1986, pg. 2024 ) . By uncovering to the reader Gulliver s shame in transporting out 2 a basic map of life, Swift remarks on the self-imposed domination of English society. By humbling Gulliver, England s representative, the writer implies that despite the belief of the English to be the most refined society, they are still human existences who are slaves to the same forces as every other human being regardless of their race or civilization. Although Gulliver is excessively large to comprehend them in item, he Judgess the state s dwellers to be as perfect and guiltless as their toy-like visual aspects. The intelligence and organisational abilities of the Lilliputians at first impress Gulliver. This brings Swift to the indispensable struggle of Book I: the sodium ve, ordinary, but compassionate Everyman at the clemency of an ground forces of people with little heads. Since the Lilliputians are technologically expert, Gulliver does non yet see how petty the Lilliputians are. Swift has developed his novel in such a manner that, as his slurs harshen and intensify, so make Gulliver s actions and attitudes. The Lilliputians are separated into two folks. One is keeping Gulliver and the other lives on the 2nd island which is separated from the first by a canal that resembles the watery division between England and France. Gulliver is with the littlendians and the enemy is the bigendians, which live on the island of Blefuscu. Gulliver helps the littlend to get the better of the bigend. In this Swift emphasizes the stupidity in the war between England and France, along with every war which starts over a stupid ground. Besides during Swift s life, a high degree of animus existed between assorted English religious orders that considered themselves Protestant, English Protestants jointly and the Catholics. Swift, an Anglican reverend himself, is clearly demoing how pathetic such discord is among people who all profess to be followings of the same way. Swift besides points out the nonsense in court-life. Swift does this by looking at the Lilliputians signifier of amusement. Swift makes a point of stating the reader that the lone 3 people who perform the rope dance are people seeking to get or keep a higher place at the tribunal, so this is really non a signifier of amusement at all ; its a signifier of political choice. Swift implies that the Lilliputians signifier of choosing political relations makes about every bit much sense as the manner many political assignments were made in his day__which is to state, it makes no sense at all. Gulliver is won over by the fact that the Lilliputians are good dressed and articulate. He is held confined by these people, both metaphorically, as in being entranced by them, and literally. It is merely after his services have been exploited and himself accused of lese majesty that Gulliver realizes how barbarous and fallacious the Lilliputians are. The Lilliputians accuse Gulliver of lese majesty for doing H2O within the precincts of the royal castle even though he was merely seeking to salvage it from firing down. The Lilliputians besides accuse Gulliver of four other articles of lese majesty. The Lilliputians program to cut back on Gulliver s nutrient so that he will slowly decay and the malodor of his carcase will non be as bad. Upon his decease, the Lilliputians program to cut and transport away the flesh from Gulliver s castanetss, go forthing the skeleton as a memorial of esteem to descendants. After hearing of the Lilliputian s programs for his death Gulliver makes his flig ht and it is here in the book that his personality begins to transform. In book II, or the 2nd ocean trip, Gulliver faces rather an opposite state of affairs. Gulliver finds himself in a universe where everything is 12 times its expected size. In this state of affairs, Gulliver is now the inferior, and due to his illumination size, he is able to analyze the human organic structure in a more elaborate mode. Slightly hardened by his unfavourable experiences on Lilliput, Gulliver approaches the Brobdingnagians from the beginning with some grade of intuition and disdain. Although it appears to the reader that this race is far more benevolent and trusty 4 than the Lilliputians, Gulliver bestows upon it a great trade more discourtesy and unfavorable judgment. Upon witnessing the undressing of the Maids of Honor, Gulliver expresses his repulsive force for their bare organic structures. They were, really far from being a tempting sight, and gave him, any other emotions than those of horror and disgust, because of the acuteness to which he was able to detect their, class and uneven tegument, so diversely colored ( Swift, 2104 ) . Gulliver besides negotiations of the Brobdingnagians moles, here and at that place every bit wide as a trencher, and hairs hanging from them thicker than pack-threads ( Swift, 2104 ) . In demoing Gulliver s repulsive force at the sight of such beautiful adult females of Brobdingnag, Swift remarks once more on English society through a really in writing portraiture of the human organic structure. Fleet uses the Maids of Honor as a metaphor to notice on the adult females of England, who, among eighteenth-century English society, were believed to be the most beautiful in the full universe. Swift showed that despite their evident beauty, they were non perfect and suffered from the same defects as any other adult females. It finally becomes evident that Gulliver s dissatisfaction relates straight to his lower status to the elephantine existences. Gulliver admits how vain an effort it is for a adult male to endeavour making himself honour among those who are out of all grade of equality or comparing with him. In kernel, Gulliver is get downing to cast his function of perceiver and go personally involved in the moral contentions he observes. This is much like Swift, who devoted much of his sarcasm in the first two books of Gulliver s Travels to societal and political conditions, but begins the stopping point of book II to discourse and knock state of affairss in which he is personally at mistake. At one point during Gulliver s stay in the land of the Brobdingnagians, Swift about remarks straight on his antipathy for the self-imposed domination of the English over other civilizations. This happens when 5 the King of the land remarks on, how contemptible a thing was human magnificence, which could be mimicked by such bantam insects as Gulliver ( Swift, 2097 ) . Swift is bluffly knocking the attitude of the English society for believing that they are high in rank and distinction, by connoting that even the smallest and least civilised animal could presume such a high grade of high quality. By the terminal of book four, both Gulliver and the way of Swift s novel have drastically changed. In this portion, Gulliver becomes trapped in a universe where Equus caballuss represent civilisation and ground, while work forces, indignantly referred to as Yahoos, run rampantly, barbarian, and ignorant. The Houyhnhnms, the Equus caballuss, begin to do Gulliver recognize how corrupt his untruthful and immoral race of human existences is. Gulliver learns to love their perfect society, all the piece bit by bit get downing to loathe his ain. Just like Swift denounces the province of society outright, by picturing work forces as violative and irrational monsters, Gulliver assumes a similar stance, declaring himself a shamed and vindictive misanthrope. When Gulliver eventually returns place after his escapades, he discovers that he can non digest the company of other worlds or even bear to look at his ain contemplation, cognizing what devolution it represents. By the terminal of Swift s l ife, he excessively seemed to go a hater of world. Gulliver s Travels is a satirical novel of the eighteenth-century English society, a society with superficial thoughts of magnificence and aristocracy. Through cagey representations, Jonathan Swift successfully humbles this society s pride and human amour propre. He reveals the defects in their thought by cut downing them to what they are, human existences, who, like other human existences, have simply adopted a superficial, holier-than-thou attitude. In making so, Swift makes a broader statement about world today. Despite all the self-acclaimed progresss in civilisation and 6 engineering adult male is still simply human, enduring from the same forces and defects, urges and imperfectnesss as everyone else. By doing the political and spiritual state of affairss of the 18th century seem even more pathetic than they already were, Swift is able to do people view their existent life picks more rationally. Notably, nevertheless, neither Swift nor Gulliver leaves the novel without exerting that one property they believe adult male to possess: his capacity for self-understanding and alteration. While Fleet proposes his constructive unfavorable judgment throughout the narrative in the signifier of sarcasm and sarcasm, Gulliver himself offers a solution to his state of affairs at the stopping point of the novel. He realizes that there is small he can make about being human ; he merely must larn to populate with himself. To accomplish this, he suggests looking in a mirror every bit frequently as possible, non merely so that he might larn to bear the sight of his ain individual, but besides so that he may be invariably reminded of those defects he seeks so urgently to get the better of.

Peaceful Protest Essays

Peaceful Protest Essays Peaceful Protest Essay Peaceful Protest Essay Dear Squealer, I am writing to you to ask for your help, I consider you as someone who I can trust and confide with. At the moment I cannot reveal my whereabouts in case this document falls into the wrong hands, Napoleon! I will get straight to the point; our current situation is looking very bleak, I fear for both your life and mine. Napoleon has been abusing our new society on Animal farm and he will do astonishing things to achieve what he wants. He is slowly gaining power over us and our comrades; he has changed Animalism into a dictatorship led by him! Our lives will be his and only for his wishes, we have and will be turned into personal slaves for Napoleon to have at his disposal. He will change issues that we use to believe in; he will brain wash us into believing what he wants us to. I need your help to stop this tyrant. What I propose is that we join together to from a new equal society, run by ourselves. This new society will stand for every animal that accepts the societys beliefs; it will be a society that lives in peace and harmony. I want to make a enthuses on being equal, after all that was what Animalism stood for, no animals have any higher right than another animal. You and myself will not have a leadership or any sort of control over the other animals; we will just keep peace and order. I seriously think that my idea and theory would be a great success if you were appeared to join me and overthrow this tyrant from his reign of terror. I have took much time and effort over thinking how we are going to overthrow Napoleon, I have come up with a cunning plan! It does not involve fighting or any sort of physical campaign against Napoleon. It is the idea of Peaceful Protest; we will organise marches and demonstrations through Animal Farm. Also, if the animals boycott Napoleons slave labour and any sort of activities, which would help Napoleons empire. One of the main areas, which I think would be good to boycott, is Napoleons food supply, without food his empire will slowly melt down. I say slowly because we may not achieve our aim of a peaceful society quickly. It could be a slow and tedious task but the results at the end will be very satisfying. I have been reading up on Peaceful Protest and I came to a conclusion yesterday that it would be the best way of going about overthrowing Napoleon. By making peaceful protests it would also represent what our new society believes in, animals being equal and peaceful! By all means if you have an idea or theory which you think would be much more practical than mine I am open to suggestions.

Dead Poets Society Essay Example

Dead Poets Society Essay Example Dead Poets Society Paper Dead Poets Society Paper Final Paper Throughout the movie The Dead Poets Society the instructor named Mr. Keating utilized many course concepts as he instructed the students at Welton Prep-School in an unordinary manner, motivating them to strive to express themselves and avoid succumbing to conformity. Mr. Keatings teaching techniques propelled his students to become intrinsically motivated and participate in activities for the sake of knowledge. His repeated use of the quote Carpe Diem, or seize the day became a pivotal saying that laid the groundwork for the students actions throughout the entire movie. Mr. Keating continuously captivated his students by promoting high levels of interaction through the use of controversial questions and abnormal actions. In his first class, Mr. Keating asked a student to read an excerpt about rating poetry. Once the student finished, he instructed to students to rip out the entire introduction of the book, which captivated each students full attention. Mr. Keating utilized the concept of modeling throughout each class. Mr. Keating embodied the characteristics that are associated with an effective model. He attended the same prep school as his tudents, was known as a very intelligent individual, was the captain of the soccer team, and was considered most likely to do anything in his annual yearbook. These characteristics influenced the likelihood that the behavioral cognitive or affective changes would occur as the students observed his actions. Mr. Keating illustrated the effect of modeling known as changing inhibitions when he told motivated a student to let go of the notion that whatever he said or did would be ridiculed by his classmates and say whatever he felt. This student let go of this self-imposed estriction and composed a poem in front of the entire class. The praise that this student received, allowed other students to learn vicariously and become motivated to come up with their own ideas. Mr. Keating vicariously reinforced the entire class when he praised the student for letting go of his inhibitions and expressing himself to the entire class. Mr. Keating also continuously emotionally aroused each student by displaying his passion for the subject of poetry. The constant enjoyment that was shown as the topic of poetry was discussed created a high level of enthusiasm that as possessed by the entire class. In a particular instance, he showed his enthusiasm towards thinking out of the box by standing on his desk and telling each student to stand on the desk while they remind themselves to always look at things in a different way. After establishing his perceived competence, similarity, and status, Mr. Keating strived to maintain a comfortable learning environment when he negatively punished a student for laughing at another students poem. This undesirable, critical behavior stopped once Mr. Keating required the laughing tudent to read his poem immediately after he laughed. Mr. Keating also utilized high-quality examples when he connected the seemingly boring concept of poetry to love and women, which are concepts that continuously invade the minds of boys in high school. This good example could have been better if the teacher showed this connection between love and poetry in greater detail, rather than Just stating that students every day lives, Mr. Keating intrinsically motivated his students by constantly drawing their attention to Carpe Diem. This phrase told each student to eize the day, take advantage of every possibility, and strive for self-actualization, not for any certain reward, but for the mere satisfaction of living life to the fullest extent. The use of this phrase paid off when a student followed his passion for acting and tried out for the lead role in a play. He did not take part in this play for any extrinsic reward, but did it as an attempt to reach his fullest potential and be all that he was capable of being. This utilization of the phrase Carpe Diem showed the ability that Mr. Keating had to stimulate the growth needs of his students and propel them owards self-actualization. Throughout this movie, Mr. Keating used teaching techniques that revolved around modeling and intrinsic motivation. The only aspect of his technique that I found to be flawed was his lack of assessment. Although the majority of his students seemed to be very enthusiastic towards their newfound appreciation for poetry, some students may not have been motivated and would have been able to coast through his course since they were rarely tested on the material. He did periodically ask a select few students to read their poems allowed, but not all of the students eceived feedback on their work. Overall, Mr. Keating proved to create a learning environment that stimulated the individual opinions of the majority of the students and allowed them to use this new appreciation for individuality and transfer their knowledge to many out of classroom activities. This teacher successfully utilized many of the course concepts that were studied in Educational Psychology and propelled students to reach beyond the intellectual constraints that were placed upon them by the institution that they attended.

Business Process Management Case Study of Emirates Airlines Essay

Business Process Management Case Study of Emirates Airlines - Essay Example Emirates Airline is part of the larger Emirates group that offers a number of distinguished services including; tourism, air maintenance, aviation college, air transport, hospitality, trans guard just to name but a few. Currently, Emirates Airline is ranked as the largest cargo carrier in the Middle East, and this is mainly influenced by the large numbers of tourist and international shoppers who visit Dubai annually (Emirates Airlines 2015). The research methodology for this particular study involved both quantitative and qualitative as I indulged in both primary and secondary research to gather data for the purpose of this project. Primary data came mainly from interviews and questionnaires that were administered to various employees who work for Emirates Airline I varied ranks namely; cabin crew members, ground operators, Line managers as well as the airline division manager. To enhance credibility, validity and integrity of the data collected all primary research was conducted on a face-to-face interrogation basis to increase the chances of getting dependable answers from the respondents. There were a total of one hundred and twenty questionnaires in total with twenty being used for the pilot project while the other hundred were utilised for the actual data collection exercise. The questionnaires contained nine questions that were grouped into two sections and during the entire data collection process we managed to i nterrogate one hundred respondents to fill the questionnaires. Ethical consideration was taken care of during the entire period of research as a written consent was availed to the participants to help them understand the details of the study before being recruited to provide any information. Relatively, the management of Emirates Airlines was informed of the same, and we agreed to protect any confidential

ISOO 9001 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ISOO 9001 - Research Paper Example This tool is viewed to be high above a standard measure. It touches on the daily practices of an organization therefore, affecting the quality of services (Steyn, 2012). Charts, diagrams and tables are used to illustrate the planning, implementation, control, and documentation of this quality management structure. Below is a sample of a flow chart There are various tools in this system as discussed below; Customer focus In the application of this tool, the organization focuses on the needs and preferences of the customers. The organization puts up a system that ensures there is effective communication between the organization and the customers (Steyn, 2012). The customers are free to make enquiries and recommendations. The organization is able to get feedback from customers. When producing, the organization ensures products are in accordance to consumer expectations. General processes in an organization affect the final product that is released to consumer. Given that the organizatio n focus on the needs of the customers, all the activities are geared towards ensuring that the final products are according the needs in the market. There is good relationship between the customers and the organization, the customers are satisfied by the quality and quantity of the products and they can access these products at fair prices. Organizations that use the customer focus tool; have embraced it because they have been compelled by the customers. Additionally, realizing competitors have embraced this system; these organizations have been left with no alternative (Drori, 2013). The companies have however found this tool to be significant in their performance. 1. Leadership This tool is applicable in the top management level of an organization. The management body, in implementation of this tool, should focus on the communication, planning, provision of adequate resources, and reviews of the performance. It is through good leadership in an organization that the staff is motiva ted and the organizations’ goals are met without compromise. The leadership provides good working environment hence increase in the output (Steyn, 2012). The organization’s reputation and image is improved. It is not possible to underestimate the senior management’s role in an organization. Therefore, the leaders of organization should understand and articulate the organizations goals clearly.   Ã‚   2. Involvement of people In order to realize the objectives of the organization, the top management should work with other people both within and outside the organization. There should be effective communication to ensure smooth operations within the organization (Watson, & Howarth, 2011). Powers and responsibilities of individuals in the organization should be clearly stated. This important because each person is ware is his duties and the ranks are clear. This motivates the employees and reduces conflicts and time wastage. Senior manager should be given the resp onsibility of ensuring overall smooth running of the organization. 3. Process approach The operation processes in an organization should be kept in check. This entails checking performance scope. There should be effective means to control the processes in the organization. This tool can be implemented through developing list of steps to follow in the organization. Additionally, there should be tracking system that enables one to evaluate the production processes (Watson, & Howart

You Sherlock Holmes are now knighted Essay Example for Free

You Sherlock Holmes are now knighted Essay He also thought that I was the best detective in Europe. I took him into my study. We both sat down in the study and he said that he was no other than the king of bohemia, my heart started to go a little faster. (But when I was I detective I took cocaine to sharpen my mind and also to carm me down! ) I asked him what his problem was and what he wanted me to do. The king told me he wanted me to get him a picture that Irene Adler had. I wondered silently, the importance of the picture, so I asked him out right The very words he said were that Irene was going to make this picture of him and her, public. If Irene Adler were to make this picture public, then the king of Bohemia would be ruined. The king then went away, I needed to research Irene Adler. So I looked up Irene Adler in my index. My index told me that she was pretty, very popular and she has a very quiet social life, I thought she is only a woman what is the worst that she can do? I was very determined to get the picture because if I were to get this picture then I would get a large bag of gold and a enormous amount of money. Watson and I had now found out a little more about Irene Adler. But for now we needed to get the picture she had in he hands. I went to Briony lodge in a hansom cab. (Which was where Irene Adler was. ) I was there outside Irene Adlers house. I waited for about half an hour, but nothing happened. Then there was some one came out of the house. The person who come out was of briony lodge was Godfrey Norton. Godfrey and Irene went on to the church. Just as they were setting off to the church I could remember hearing Irene screaming twenty sovereigns if you get to the church in twenty minutes. I didnt know what to do, should I look around Irene Adlers house or should I follow them to the church. I had come to my decision. I followed them to the church. I arrived at the church. To my surprise Godfrey Norton had seen me lurking at the back of the church. Godfrey said to me come on we need another person to witness this wedding or else it wont be legal. Now that I had now seen Irene Adler I needed to get the all-important picture that she had. But I thought where would she have the picture hidden? Watson and I tried to guess where Irenes most important place was. I decided that her house would be the safest place for Irene to hide the all-important picture. Watson and I needed to come up with a way to get into her house. I sat down with Watson and I began to tell Watson my Machiavellian plan. First Watson threw a rocket, so that Irene would go to the picture thinking it was fire. While all of this was going on, Holmes in his clergyman disguise would follow Irene to the picture! That was our plan but would it work? All we needed to do now was to but the plan into action. Watson and I went over to Irene Adlers house, to my astonishment there was a fight out side Irenes house. I went to protect Irene from the tussel. I survived, and then went on into Irenes house. I was in the house where the picture of the king was. I waited for a little while then gave the signal for Watson to throw the smoke rocket into the house. Watson threw the rocket into the house, when the rocket entered the fire alarm went off. I followed the beautiful Irene Adler. I was correct in thinking that she would go to the picture. I went home to tell Watson I knew where the picture was! The following day the king came back to my house and demanded me to get the picture. I told the king that Irene Adler was married and that she would not even hesitate to make the picture public. After the case I received a letter; the letter informed me that Irene was working against Watson and me. I then thought that Irene was a lot smarter than I had anticipated. As a result of my work, the king was grateful and rewarded me with jewels. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.

School Systems :: essays research papers

The Ontario school system dedicates a great deal of the high school curriculum towards preparing students for University. Ontario high schools provide students with many courses that will help prepare the students that decide to go on to post secondary education. However, the Ontario School System lacks in preparing them for the most prominent aspect of University, stress. The Ontario school system does not prepare students for any of the on coming stresses which will be the number one factor in a students success or failure at University. The Ontario school system does not prepares students for the stress of living away from home. At the high school level, whenever a student is having a problem, the school calls the parents to fix the problem. High schools also have parent-teacher interviews where the parents and teachers discuss problems of the students without them present. Parents are alerted as soon as their son or daughter is having any sort of problem. Having the parents involved all the time results in the students to not be able to solve their own problems. Because of the Ontario school system’s protocol of having parents involved at all times students are not prepared for the stress of having to deal with their own problems at University. Students are not prepared for the stress coming from the University workload when they leave high school. In high school students are assigned a major project, then it is weeks before they are assigned another. Teachers give students weeks, if not months to prepare for a major assignment. High school teachers also accommodate for tests or projects in other classes. When students get to University, they are assigned many major assignments at the same time in different courses and have very little time to complete them. Because of the Ontario School System, students are not prepared for the stresses of a University workload. The Ontario school system does not prepare students for the stress of not having a teachers support at all times. In high school there is always a teacher present to help any student at any time. Whenever a student has any sort of problem they have the knowledge that the student can request the aid of their teacher. At the University level, the classes can have more than two hundred students as opposed to the 30 students in high school classes. Professors do not have enough time to address the problems of each of their students.

Life is beautiful

The main aspects that the film covers are the importance of love and family, the role f imagination and the resilience of the human spirit. Therefore, in the movie â€Å"Life is Beautiful† the director shows Guides personal commitment to being both a protector of innocence for Joshua and a loving husband to Dora that is, at times, essential to filter other people's prejudices in order to be true to who you are. The director shows through Odor's character on how we present ourselves, gets taken in two different ways by people, either in a positive or negative way. Some could be against the prejudice or for it that despite on who's in charge.To Dora, Guide was a hero, but to he Nazis he was nothing more than a dog. To Guide, the Nazis were of no consequence; only the lives of his beloved concerned him. Guides Interests were Dora and making her life into something that no one will ever expect; a magical life full of happiness. For Instance, the romantic, funny scene where Guide o nly looks at Dora instead of the Opera show, shows how Guide forgets everyone around him and only stares at the one he loves, Just like how he did not care what happens to him the moment he needed to find Dora before the German guards did.He did not care what he Nazis did to everyone but all Guide needed to do was find Dora and protect his son, like any husband or father will do for his family. Nazis were only brutal because they were following the orders of their superiors and a leader who was showing hatred towards the Jews; but Dora was not because she was her own person and she Is not the type of person to hate other people because of their culture, which Is why Dora was not that much worry on what happens about being married to a Jews.She wanted to be happy, that Is what Guide made sure that Is what happens In Odor's life very day. Racism, negative comments, Ignorance and hatred affects not Just one's moral values but also their Identity. Many times Individuals struggle while d ealing with prejudice and end up causing self-harm. In this film however, we experience Guilds character In a complete opposite way. Guide Is the type of person who does not choose the path of self- harm but bottles up his emotions Just to see his family alive and happy.For Instance when, he Is forced to carry anvil up the stairs on a dally basis at the camp, he knows that If he asks for a reprieve, he will be killed, and as a season, fall his son and everything he Is working for. Even though he Is weak and dreadfully tired every day, Guide still puts on a smile and carries on the facade whenever Joshua was near. He never allows his son to get the sense that something Is horribly wrong. Guide wouldn't react to pain and he wouldn't show his sorrows whenever Joshua was near.He was suffering deep wealth him but due to his love for his son, he managed to laugh even while In Immense pain. Even when Guide was being taken to the corner to be shot, Guide still managed to march â€Å"playfu lly so as to the game. Guide never let any opportunity occur where his son can start to question his true intentions and reason for lying; he never even let on to Joshua that he was lying. Through the feeling that Dora, his wife, knew that Guide would never allow for their son to face any challenges alone.During the scene where Guide and Joshua speak over the speakers, it was a way to assure Dora that they are both safe and that Guide has fulfilled all the duties as a father by making sure that Joshua is protected from the Germans. Guide was always seen as a hero to Dora, even if others did not UT that did not let Guide stop from believing what is right or wrong. Humans show their true colors and emotions to those who understand its value. However, this differs from age to age.When it comes to children, they tend to be kept hidden from the surrounding negativity only to protect their very innocence that is cherished by all. Throughout the train ride and upon arrival at the dismal ca mp, Guides only aim was to protect his son from the horror which surrounded them. He invents an elaborate game, requiring silence and complete dedication in order to gain the mints necessary to win. Guide didn't want Joshua to know the full truth of racism and hate that occurs on a regular basis around them but instead wants him to know that everyone is equal despite their beliefs.All Guide wanted was to show to his son that nothing is different between Jews and the supposed Aryans. Aryans were considered the supreme beings for having blond hair and blue eyes and free of all external disease, whereas a person with the same internal characteristics but different external appearance were considered less of a human. Once they reach the bunks at he concentration camp, and an opportunity presents itself to Guide to preserve Joshua innocence, he leaps at the chance.He is asked to translate for the German Nazi the rules of the camp, although he doesn't speak German; instead makes it appear to his son that the guard is explaining the rules of the supposed game. This was extremely risky for Guide, as it could land him straight in front of the barrel of a gun, but his intention was primal and he was concerned only of his son's safety. He hid the true reality and their predicament from Joshua for the sole reason of reserving his innocence, and hopefully provide a chance at survival.If Joshua truly knew of the events that occurred all around them on a daily basis, he would have started to hate his father for the wrong reasons. One of the motives Guide could have had for his actions may have been his desire to not have his son, his flesh and blood hate him – for being a Jew, and passing that on to his son. He wanted Joshua to love him for who he is as a human being and not for the faith he believes in. Guide intention was to fulfill the role and responsibilities as a father towards his son.Guide is scared of the concentration camp and the Nazis but he holds himself together for the benefit of his son, demonstrating courage and heroism when dealing with fear. He loves his son so much that he shields him from the harsh reality of life at that time. This shows that love has the power to conquer all. In conclusion, â€Å"Life is Beautiful† is an inspirational film that shows the cruel and hate of many Aryans towards the Jews. Throughout the film you see the different ways racism, and negative comments are being spread towards the Jews as a way to make them feel sees important.It's also about the power of one individual to filter out other people's thoughts and negatively comments in order to be true to who you really are. Just how even though she could have stayed back due to her religious, she choice to be where her family is. The director also shows through Guide the power of being protective to his son and a lovely husband to Dora, at the same time flattering out negative comments around him for the better of his family. â€Å"Life is b eautiful â€Å"has touched the hearts of many viewers and continues to do so.

Italy – Research Paper

Geographically, Italy is comprised of a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, as well as two large islands. The shape of Italy has been depicted as a ‘boot’ in many cartoons and drawings for years. The country covers over 116,000 square miles, making it approximately the combined size of Florida and Georgia. Killinger, 2002) Italy is a democratic republic that has a current population of around 60 million people, making it the twenty-third most populous country in the world. Italy is a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the ‘Group of Six’, which later became the G8, and the European Union. (â€Å"Italy,† 2010) Italians are primarily Roman Catholic and are required to have fourteen years of formal education.This has lead to a 98 percent literacy rate among the population that only has a growth rate of 0. 02 percent per year, which is one of the lowest growth rates in the world. Killinger, 2002) After the decl ine of the Roman Empire, it took what is now Italy over fourteen centuries to become unified and drive out foreign rule. The state of Italy was formed following the Italian unification movement, known as Risorgimento. Italy installed their first Parliament and declared the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. (Killinger, 2002) In 1922, Benito Mussolini created the first Fascist regime in history. Mussolini later established the Lateran Pact of 1929 with Pope Pius XI, which recognized the Catholic religion as the ‘sole religion of the state’ and the Vatican as an independent state.Italy entered World War II in October of 1940 by attacking Greece from Albania. In December of the same year, the victorious Greeks invaded Albania. Their advance was only stopped by German support. In North Africa the Italians were handed multiple defeats by the British and again had to be rescued by the Germans. In July of 1943, American and British forces landed in Sicily. Fifteen days later Mussolini was arrested and power was returned the parliament and the king. In April of 1946, Mussolini attempted escape, and was caught, shot, and hung in Milan.A few days later, the German army corps in Italy surrendered to allies. (Hearder, 1990) At the end of World War II, a vote by the people concluded that the kingdom of Italy would be replaced by the Republic of Italy. In 1948, a new constitution granted the President of the Republic the powers of the chief of state while the head of government was a prime minister with the title of President of the Council of Ministers. A constitutional court holds the supreme judicial power in Italy, while a lower and upper house were set up and were given the legislative power. (Killinger, 2002)After World War II, Italy entered a period known as the ‘Economic Miracle’, which was driven by multiple industries and firms that contributed to the production of cars. These included the steel, rubber, and oil industries. (Amyot, 2004) Oil was d iscovered in the South, in the Northern Po Valley, and in Sicily in 1949. Natural gas was found the following year. (Hearder, 1990) The Marshall Plan also sent more than $1. 2 billion from the United States to Italy for reconstruction. The strong growth that Italy experienced after World War II helped it become a major player in the business world.Italy’s Quality of Life Index was eighth in the world in 2005 (the United States was ranked thirteenth) and was ranked as the eighteenth most developed country in the world. (â€Å"Members of the,† 2010) Some major international companies based in Italy are Versace, Gucci, and Armani in the fashion industry, Pirelli automobile tires, Beretta firearms, and car manufacturers Fiat, Alfa Romero, Maserati, Ferrari, and Lamborghini. In total the automobile industry contributes 8. 5 percent of Italy’s GDP. Italy is also the world’s leading producer and exporter of grapes, artichokes, and kiwis, and produces about a fif th of the world’s wine.Italy is also the fourth largest tourism earning nation in the world and the fifth most visited country. (â€Å"Economy of Italy,† 2010) Italy is currently said to be in a recession, with industrial output dropping 6. 6 percent in the last year. The shutdown of factories has been announced by Fiat in the wake of falling car sales. Italy is referred to as the â€Å"sick man of Europe† due to political instability, lack of infrastructure development and economic stagnation. The average annual rate of growth in Italy is 1. 23 percent compared to the 2. 28 percent average growth rate in the EU over the last ten years.In January of this year unemployment hit 8. 6 percent yet it is predicated that Italy will pull out of its recession by the end of 2010. (â€Å"Economy of Italy,† 2010) Culture Values and Norms Since World War II, Italian society has profoundly changed, with a significant impact on daily life. One of the main elements of ch ange is the more visible role women play in society outside the home, such as increased participation in higher education and various professions. One aspect of this changed role is that Italy records one of the lowest average numbers of children per woman in the world, as well as some of the lowest birth and fertility rates. Brittanica Online Encyclopedia) For Italian families, popular daily leisure activities include watching television, listening to the radio, reading newspapers, and going to movies. Italians are also known for their love of sports, something that can be traced back to the ancient Gladiatorial games. Sport is an important part of many Italian festivities like Palio and the Gondola race in Venice. Popular sports include football, cycling, and auto racing. (The Culture of Italy) Italians are very satisfied with their family relations, friendships, and health status, while their economic status and their working positions are less satisfactory.This is especially the case in southern Italy, where there are fewer job opportunities and where unemployment is high. (Brittanica Online Encyclopedia) Though the popularity of home entertainment has grown, the use of public spaces remains important. Young Italians meet friends on a daily basis, often in the cities’ piazzas in the evenings, making frequent trips to bars, cinemas, pizzerias, and discos. Coastal areas are popular destinations in the summer. The automobile retains a strong hold on daily life as well. Ownership levels are high, and many cities and towns suffer severe congestion and pollution as a result. Brittanica Online Encyclopedia) Regional life in Italy is typified by a diversity of customs and a great variety of festivals, even if it is their appeal to the tourist industry and to television that helps keep them alive. The majority of religious festivals are dedicated to the Madonna or to different saints of the Roman Catholic faith. The most notable Carnival celebrations are hel d in the cities of Viareggio and Venice, where in 1992 they were financed for the first time by major sponsors. Italy’s strong agricultural tradition gives rise to a multitude of festivals celebrating the harvest, food, country, and seafaring pursuits.These festivals reflect the traditional activities of the area in which they are held. (Brittanica Online Encyclopedia) Language The official language of Italy is Italian, a descendant of Tuscan dialect and a direct descendant of Latin. When Italy was unified in 1861, the Italian language existed mainly as a literary language and almost each region had its own dialect. Standardizing the language was an important step in unifying Italians, and the standardized language was based on the Florentine dialect spoken in most of Tuscany. The Languages Spoken in Italy) The largest group of non-Italian speakers includes those who speak Sardinian, a Romance language, which retains many pre-Latin words. Some of the other languages spoken ar e German, French, and Slovene. (The Languages Spoken in Italy) Religion 90 percent of Italy’s population is Roman Catholic. The remainder of the population is comprised mostly of Jews, along with some Muslims and Orthodox and Eastern Rite Catholics. Supernatural beliefs are based in the Catholic Church and mixed with older beliefs stretching back to antiquity.In Sicily, for example, Arabic and Greek influences have mixed with popular Spanish beliefs and been incorporated into Catholicism. Thus, there are beliefs in the ‘Evil Eye’, charms, spells, messages through dreams, and various other types of omens. People believe witches have powers and in the existence of anti–witches. Many of these beliefs have yielded to the rationalism of the modern age. Others, however, exist below the surface. (Culture of Italy) Italy is filled with over 2000 years worth of holy places. Rome and the Vatican City alone have thousands of shrines, relics, and churches.There are re lics of Saint Peter and other popes. Various relics of many saints, places holy to Saint Francis of Assisi, shrines, places where the Virgin Mary is reputed to have appeared, and sites of numerous miracles are found across the country. Similarly, religious ceremonies are frequent. There are the usual holy days of the Roman Catholic Church—Christmas, Easter, Pentecost, the Immaculate Conception, and others. In addition, there are local saints and appearances by the Pope. The sanctification of new saints, various blessings, personal, family, and regional feast days, and daily and weekly masses are observed.There are also various novenas, rosary rituals, sodalities, men's and women's clubs, and other religious or quasi–religious activities. (Culture of Italy) Education Education in Italy is free and compulsory for eight years for children between the ages of 6 and 14. Primary school lasts 5 years and secondary education (Scuole medie) is further divided in two stages: Med ie Inferiori, which correspond to the middle school grades and lasts for 3 years, and Medie Superiori, which correspond to the secondary school level and lasts another 5 years.Every tier involves an exam at the end of the final year. Secondary schools are of different types and allow students to choose alternative career paths depending on their interests and aptitude. These include the Liceo, the Istituto Tecnico (technical institute) and the Istituto Professionale (professional institute). The Liceo includes secondary schools oriented towards the study of the arts and sciences. TheLicei are again divided into four types: Liceo Classico, which offers Latin, Ancient Greek, Italian, History, and Philosophy as its most important subjects; Liceo Scientifico, where the emphasis is on scientific and mathematical topics; Liceo Linguistico, which focuses on languages; and Liceo Artistico, which is oriented toward the arts. The university system in Italy is similar to that of the United Kin gdom, where students concentrate on one subject throughout their degree. Courses consist of the Laurea (roughly equivalent to a bachelor's degree) and the Laurea Specialistica (roughly equivalent to a master's degree).There are 41 state universities and 15 other universities, colleges, and higher learning institutes. These include the University of Bologna (the oldest in Italy, founded in the 11th century), and the University of Rome, which is the country's largest. (The Education System in Italy) Social Structure The Italian Institute of Statistics assesses the class system using 6 different categories. The first is the bourgeoisie, which includes entrepreneurs employing a minimum of 6 people, self-employed professionals, and managers. This category accounts for 10 percent of the working population.The white collar middle class covers employees engaged in non-manual jobs and makes up 17 percent of the working population. The urban petit bourgeoisie comprises 14 percent of the worki ng population, defined as small entrepreneurs with a maximum of 6 employees, shopkeepers, and self-employed artisans. The rural petit bourgeoisie, at 10 percent, own and operate small enterprises in the primary sectors of agriculture, forestry, hunting, and fishing. The urban working class is the 37 percent of the workforce who engage in manual labor. Finally, the rural working class, at 9 percent, are employees of the primary sector.This class breakdown, in identifying two categories each of the working and entrepreneurial classes, is considered to be a more precise method of class division, and has been used since the mid-1980s. (Italian Poverty and Wealth) Despite being a wealthy country, Italy suffers from serious inequality in the distribution of wealth and resources. These dramatic statistics stand out: in 1998, 11. 8 percent of families lived in poverty. The figure was even higher at the end of the 1980s, when families living in poverty represented 14 percent of the populatio n. The contrast between north and south was very clear, with over 5 percent of impoverished families living in southern regions. The gap between the rich north and the impoverished south continues to increase, as does the depth of poverty itself. Of those classified as poor, elderly people living on a simple state pension make up 53 percent of households living in poverty. Their numbers, however, are steadily decreasing, to be overtaken by the working poor. This phenomenon, which looks likely to become a permanent feature of Italian society, affects couples with one or more children, where only one parent works, is under 40 years old, and has few qualifications and, thus, low earning power. Italian Poverty and Wealth) As a result of Italy's generous welfare state, the great majority of poor families do not live in extremes of squalor or deprivation. Essential needs provided by the state include basic health care and education, clean water supplies, and housing. Moreover, extensive f amily networks help those living in poverty to feel less isolated and are sometimes a source of financial help. However, it is extremely difficult for families in poverty to improve their circumstances, and over 70 percent of households classified as poor in 1994 remained poor 2 years later. Italian Poverty and Wealth) Necessity often forces individuals in poverty to accept low-paying and unsafe jobs in the informal economy, where they are subject to threats and blackmail. In urban areas of the south, the younger generation finds it very difficult to obtain work, and poverty drives some of them into the arms of organized crime. Migrations to the north or leaving Italy altogether still remain ways out for many. While poverty is less visible in the wealthy north, it does exist.In particular, young couples with 2 or more children who struggle to meet the high cost of living on low salaries find themselves caught in the poverty trap. (Italian Poverty and Wealth) Economy Italy has a dive rsified industrial economy with roughly the same total and per capita output as France and the UK. The economy is split between the developed industrial belt in the north and a less-developed, agricultural region in the south. According to nominal GDP calculations, Italy was ranked as the seventh largest economy in the world in 2006, behind the United States, Japan, Germany, China, UK, and France, and the fourth largest in Europe. The Economy of Italy) Italy's major exports are precision machinery, motor vehicles, chemicals and electric goods, but the country's more famous exports are food, clothing, and luxury vehicles. With over 37 million tourists a year, Italy is also ranked as the fourth major tourist destination in the world. (The Economy of Italy) Most raw materials needed by industry and more than 75 percent of energy requirements are imported. Despite some short-term reforms aimed at improving competitiveness and long-term growth, the economy experienced low growth in 2006, and unemployment remained at a high level. The Economy of Italy) The currency of Italy is the Euro. Politics Italy has a bicameral parliament consisting of a Chamber of Deputies and a Senate, a separate judiciary, and an executive branch composed of a Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. (The Government in Italy) The President of the Italian Republic heads the armed forces and has powers to veto legislation, disband parliament and call elections. He is elected for seven years by the parliament sitting jointly with a small number of regional delegates. The president nominates the prime minister, who proposes the other ministers.The Council of Ministers must retain the support of both houses. (The Government in Italy) The houses of parliament are popularly and directly elected through a complex electoral system (latest amendment in 2005), which combines proportional representation with a majority prize for the largest coalition. All Italian citizens, who are older than 18, can vote. (The Government in Italy) Former Communist Party member, Giorgio Napolitano, is Italy's 11th President and Romano Prodi, an economist and former academic, is currently Prime Minister. Economy Current Statistics After the end of World War II, Italy was left a ravaged and broken country.Struggling both economically and culturally, a culture that was once dominated by farming now developed into cities. â€Å"Italy has the world's 6th (7th including the  European Union) highest exports,  that of US $546,900,000,000 (est. ) in 2008. Italy, also, is the world's fifth largest industrial goods producer with a US $381 billion output in 2008. † (CIA World Fact Book) Italy has a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of $2. 09 trillion. According to the IMF and World Bank Italy, is the tenth ranking country for purchasing power in the world, based on its purchasing power parity (PPP).The Italian economy’s inflation rate is estimated to be 0. 6 percent. The current exchange rates are euros (Italy’s official currency) per US dollar – 0. 7153 (2009). (CIA World Fact Book) The current interest rate in Italy is 1. 00 percent (2010). (Trading Economics) Despite achievements made since the 1940’s, Italy struggles with growth in the current world wide financial crisis, considering their heavy dependence based on exports and tourism. As the world tightens their belts, Italy’s pockets feel the difference. When adjusted to the U. S concept, their unemployment rate as of April 2010 is 9. percent, making them the fourth highest in the world, with the U. S. at number one with 9. 8 percent. (Bureau of Labor Statistics) Currency While the infrastructures of the Italian market and government have evolved, so has the country’s currency. The original dominant coin, the Florin, was created in the thirteenth century in Florence. Each city-state at the time had differing money system and coins. When the country became unified in 1861, the  Italian lira  became the dominate trade coin. The Italian lira â€Å"was taken out of circulation in 2002. (World Book Encyclopedia) Though the primary currency now used in Italy is the euro, the city of Campione d’Italia uses the Swiss Franc. The European Union countries that currently use the euro as their currency are Italy, Belgium, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, and Finland. â€Å"Euro banknote denominations for the euro are 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500. Coin denominations are 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 cent and 1 and 2 euro. † (seeitalia) With a history richly based in the arts, it is no surprise that each coin and bill has been created with a uniquely different design and theme.Designs were created by different artists to depict the works of one of the most influential artists, Raphael. The original coin, the euro 2. 00, set the standard and is a depiction of Dante Alighieri (one of Raph ael’s works). Despite attempts to be unique, there are standards required of each coin. Each must have twelve stars to represent the twelve countries unified with this currency. Each must also have the year of imprint under overlapping letters â€Å"RI† for  Repubblica Italiana (meaning Italian Republic). Below this is a letter R, representing Rome.Trading Policies In the 1950’s, Italy helped found the European Community (EC). The European Community consists of four components: the European Coal Community, the Steel Community, the European Atomic Energy Community, and the European Economic Community. Italy was able to strengthen their economy through increased trade with the nations of the European Community. â€Å"In 1993, Italy and the other European Community countries formed the European Union, which works for both economic and political cooperation among its member nations.The European Community was incorporated into the European Union. † (The Worl d Book Encyclopedia) Through trade, preferential trade agreements can be used to build strong relationships. Some trade policies can be used to punish those who do not abide by international law. â€Å"Italy’s trade policy is the same as that of other members of the European Union. The common (EU) weighted average tariff rate was 1. 3 percent in 2008. However, the (EU) has high or escalating tariffs for agricultural and manufacturing products and its most favored nation (MFN) tariff code is complex.Non-tariff barriers reflected in (EU) and Italian policies include agricultural and manufacturing subsidies, quotas, import restrictions and bans for some goods and services, market access restrictions in some services sectors, non-transparent and restrictive regulations and standards, and inconsistent regulatory and customs administration among (EU) members. † (2010 INDEX of ECONOMIC FREEDOM) Trading Partners As most countries do, Italy relies on international trade to help sustain their economy.Italy depends a great deal on imports such as food, machinery, metals, motor vehicles, petroleum, and textile yarns. â€Å"Italy’s principal trading partner is Germany. Other leading trading partners include Belgium, France, Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. † (The World Book Encyclopedia) Because Italy is such a mountainous region, farming and cultivation are very difficult. While the majority of exports are chemicals and machinery, Italy is known for such world class luxury brand as Prada, Armani, Versace, Valentine, and Maserati.Trade Agreements Italy has often led the way for European economic development and international integration. For example, Italy has a membership in several trade agreements. â€Å"Under the European Free-Trade Association (EFTA) member states constitute an enlarged single market. The European Economic Area (EEA) extends (EU) commercial law to the (EFTA) states, thereby providing for the f ree circulation of goods, services, capital and labor, giving businesses the right to establish themselves or subsidiaries throughout the (EEA).Other commercially significant international agreements include numerous tax treaties. † (Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada) â€Å"Italy was admitted to the United Nations in 1955 and is a member and strong supporter of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization (GATT/WTO), the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), and the Council of Europe. † (U. S.Department of State) In 2009, Italy was the president of the G8 Summit held in L’Aquila, Italy. Member of the G8 Summit have come together annually since 1975 to discuss and debate important economic issues on the global agenda . The G8 member countries are Italy, Canada, the Russian Federation, France, Ger many, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Dominant Industries ; Companies Italy’s massive post World War II trend toward the industrialization of its nation has changed due to the recent global recession.High unemployment rates exist, and a lack of natural resources has slowed the industrial growth of Italy dramatically. â€Å"Three state-holding companies have played a large role in industry: ENI (National Hydrocarbon Agency), IRI (Industrial Reconstruction Institute), and EFIM (Agency for Participation and Financing of Manufacturing Industry). † (Encyclopedia of the Nations) The economic situation of the world has deeply affected these companies. As of 2001, IRI became dismantled, and ENI sold stakes in the company in an attempt to eliminate high debt.Despite economic difficulties, iron and steel, food processing (including olive oil, wine, and cheese), textiles, footwear, and ceramics remain thriving Italian industries. â€Å"The bulk of industry is c oncentrated in the northwest, in the Milan-Turin-Genoa industrial triangle. The government has made concerted efforts to attract industry to the underdeveloped southeast. (Encyclopedia of the Nations) Several major successful private companies include the Fiat automobile company, the Olivetti company (office computers and telecommunications), the Montedison chemical firm, and the Pirelli rubber company. Encyclopedia of the Nations) Italy is home of some of the world’s most popular fashion designers. â€Å"Black Market† Transactions Despite its relatively high standard of living, problems with crime and the existence of a ‘black market’ exist in Italy. The estimated black market value is around $111. 05 billion. Unfortunately, these markets are everywhere. Usually these markets target tourists by selling fake designer goods such as Prada, Armani, and Versace. Italy is also a breeding ground for organized crime. Due to high unemployment rates, mobsters have found a cheap workforce within the recently unemployed.Taking advantage of the economic situation in Italy, the mafia has struck it rich using any and all means of crime to turn a profit. â€Å"It is estimated the mob’s joint turnover last year at 135 billion euros, topped by trafficking in drugs, people, weapons and contraband worth just under 68 billion euros. Second came â€Å"business† interests like public contracts, gambling, forgeries and supplying illegal labor at 25 billion euros, then extortion and loan sharking at 25 billion euros. † (Reuters) The Italian mafia is big business, and would possibly be the largest company in Italy – if it was one.Unless the Italian government can intervene, huge amounts of revenue will continue to be lost due to arms trafficking, drug sales, counterfeit, piracy, Ecstasy, human trafficking, and trash smuggling. Standard Operating Practices Conducting Business in General As a business manager wishing to conduct busi ness in Italy or with Italian businesses, having a good understanding about how the country conducts business can yield many benefits. Demonstrating your understanding of their culture and background information will help you refine your approach and be more appealing to them. Spend time reviewing the company dynamics.Italy has a large portion of small and medium sized companies financed primarily by families. As such, the center of influence and decision making typically happens in upper management, which is likely to be staffed by family members. It is also important to know that the time spent on cultivating a relationship is equally as worthwhile an investment as knowing the culture. It serves to position you ahead of competitors that may not have done their homework on the nuisances of the Italian business and culture. Italian style should also be noted as it something not taken very lightly. Italians are very fashionable.You will be judged by your dress code, including accesso ries and how you carry yourself. It’s a first impression and a lasting one. You must look the part to garner the respect you seek and expect. Business dress does vary between industries and formality can go from suits and ties to somewhat less formal attire. Managers tend to be well groomed with tailored quality clothing. In an ever changing business and cultural world, Italians do not have high regard for in-depth long term planning. It is viewed as a waste of time and at most they will commit to very high level plans and leave room for flexibility and growth.Foreign women can do business without great difficulty in Italy. Being a woman may even be considered an advantage in some circumstances. Statistically speaking, only 38 percent of Italian women under the age of 65 are in the labor market — one of the lowest percentages in Western Europe. Few Italian women hold managerial positions. The Italians are generally not inhibited when interacting with the opposite sex. Flirtation is part of the spirit of life in Italy. Business Entry Strategies Entering the Italian market can be accomplished in two simple steps. The first is planning.You should complete extensive research of the market and develop a thoughtful business plan. Second, leverage the U. S. and Foreign Commercial Service (US;FCS) trade events in Italy. The US;FCS Service Program facilitates companies testing the Italian market through an inexpensive agent/distributor dynamic. Participating in the trade events is not only about exposure, but potential sales based on relationships that are seeded. As noted previously, rapport and trusting relationships is a great benefit when doing business in Italy. The trade events can lend themselves to exposing companies to other countries in addition to Italy. http://findarticles. com) Relationships are critically important. From relationships, cooperation can be established for business success. Verbal communication and how articulate you are is muc h more heavily weighted than written communication. It is highly beneficial to brush up on your speaking skills for clarity and conciseness. Conducting Meetings In Italy, meetings are to be scheduled in writing two or three weeks in advance and followed up with a phone call to confirm the details. Depending on what region you are in, punctuality relevance may vary.In northern Italy, punctuality is a virtue and your business associates will likely be on time. You should be early or on time, unless you have a good excuse for tardiness. Whatever materials you have to present should be in print form in both English and Italian. Another cultural influence is how meetings are managed. Meetings are generally informal and the smaller the group the less formality exercised. Agendas tend to be flexible as the meetings are highly interactive due to participant engagement, not to mention that there are multiple streams of conversations going on.There may also be changes in audience members or p articipants throughout the meeting. It is important to start meetings with small talk to get to know your Italian peer otherwise you are viewed as being weak. A few safe conversational topics would be around Italian culture, food, family, movies, wine and art. You should make sure to pay special attention to the eldest person at an Italian business function. If you are expecting negotiations to occur, this is another area that differs by region. Northern Italians are more direct and see time as money.They want to get down to business immediately following brief small talk. However, in the southern part of the country, people tend to be more leisurely and rely on personal relationship development to know who they are doing business with. It is ill-advised to use high pressure sales tactics but you may need to indulge in some haggling over price and delivery. (www. worldbusinessculture. com) You should have a clear understanding of who the authority figures or decision makers are in t he company and for the business transaction you are trying to negotiate.You may expect to have some dialogue with stakeholders and influence a favorable decision, but frequently the decisions are made prior to the â€Å"formal† meeting with a smaller group of people to hash out the deal. Essentially, in order to be able to influence the group and the outcome, you will need to be present in the pre-meeting to provide perspective. Before the pre-meeting, the stakeholders would have likely had the information in hand and have had time to review at their leisure, prior to making any decisions in the pre-meeting. It is acceptable to give out business cards while in business meetings, but not in social settings.Many Italians carry two different cards one for business and the other with personal information for less formal relationships. Business cards are exchanged only at the first meeting and should be a hand to hand exchange with the intended recipient. Do not give a business ca rd to the same person more than once. (www. kwintessential. co. uk) You should make sure to pay special attention to the eldest person present at a business function. Business Etiquette Italian culture is inviting and personal, thus when talking, people are up close and personal.While respecting someone’s personal space is preferred in the American culture, in Italy any attempt to create space or distance from the person or people you are talking to is seen as disrespectful and rude. Handshakes are common for both men and women and may also include grasping the arm with the other hand. You will shake hands both coming and departing from your company. As the relationship develops, the greeting may grow to an embrace and air kisses on the both sides of the cheeks. (www. ehow. com) Formal names and titles should be used until you are invited to use first names.Generally in business women will use their maiden names for business and legal affairs, but outside of business they may use their married name or combination of married and maiden name. (www. ediplomat. com) When talking, maintain eye contact with the person or persons you are speaking with, otherwise you will be perceived as hiding something or being deceptive. (www. ediplomat. com) Time Orientation When scheduling meetings, timely starts are important, but it is understood that situations arise that will need attention and interfere with punctuality.Meetings should be avoided during the month of August, as that is a time of national holidays and many companies will be low on staff. In terms of optimal meeting times, it is best to schedule meetings between 10 – 11 AM and after 3 pm. (www. ehow. com) You should also make note of time zone differences when making contact by telephone. Italy’s time is Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) +1, which is equivalent to five hours ahead of Eastern Standard Time (EST). Gifts/Incentives You should follow some general guidelines for gift giving. Refrain fro m giving a business gift until you receive one first.Gifts are expected for social events, especially to express your thanks after you have been invited to a dinner party at a home. Gifts are usually opened at the time they are given and received. Your gift should be a prestigious brand name that is at the same time small and not obviously expensive. Gifts of alcohol or crafts from your own country are often good choices. If you want to give a gift to someone who has been particularly helpful around the office, good choices include fine pens, a framed print/picture, silver key chains, or calculators.Regardless, make sure your gift is a reputable name-brand! Secretaries generally appreciate a gift of flowers or chocolates. If you are invited to a home, bring gift-wrapped chocolates or flowers. Never give an even number of flowers. Do not give chrysanthemums; they are acceptable only for funerals. Moreover, red roses are reserved for romantic occasions. If you are invited to a home an d decide to give wine, buy a good vintage. Bring one or two (maximum) bottles. A good wine or spirit from your country could be an excellent choice as Italians are interested in learning about other countries.If you bring a present from your home country, be ready with a short description of what it is and why you have chosen it [e. g. it is from your home town and has an interesting and unique way of being made, etc]. If you are staying with a family, good gift selections can include coffee table books about your home country, or anything that reflects the interests of your hosts and is representative of your country. Holiday cards can be appropriate, particularly as an expression of thanks to your business associates. Ensure that your cards are mailed in time to be received a week before Christmas.Card sending is not very common in Italy, so your card will be received with interest. There are some gifts to avoid giving to Italian business associates. These include gifts showcasing your company's logo, brooches and handkerchiefs (these items are associated with funerals), gifts wrapped in black and gold paper (traditionally, these are the colors of mourning) or purple (this color is considered a symbol of bad luck), and knives or any other type of sharp object–such items may be interpreted to suggest the severing of a friendship or other close bond. www. 1worldglobalgifts. com) Legal Issues FITA provides this chart to explain the legal forms of companies in Italy: |Form |Number of |Minimum and/or maximum capital |Liability |Registration fee |Release of | | |partners/shareholders | | |financial | | | | | | |documents | |Societa a responsabilita |No minimum |Minimum 10,000 â‚ ¬, totally subscribed |Liability is limited|About 100 â‚ ¬ |No | |limitata (SRL) is a |nb: 1 partner for a sole |and released up to 3/10 at the |to the amount | | | |Private Limited Company. proprietorship. |creation. |contributed. | | | |Societa per azioni (SpA) |Minimum 2 sh areholders. |Minimum 100,000 â‚ ¬, totally subscribed|Liability is limited|About 1,000 â‚ ¬ | | |is a Public Limited | |and released up to 3/10 at the |to the amount | | | |Company. | |creation. Their liability is limited |contributed. | | | | |to the amount contributed. | | | | |Societa in nome Colletivo| | |Partners' liability |Lower expenses | | |(SNC) is a general |Minimum 2 partners |No minimum capital. |is joint and |compared with Private |No | |partnership. | | |several. Limited Company | | |Societa in Accomanditari |Two types of partners: |No minimum capital. |Liability of active |Lower expenses as |No | |Semplice(SAS) is a |active partners and | |partners is |compared to a Private | | |limited partnership. |sleeping partners. | |unlimited |Limited Company | | |Societa Cooperativa (SC) |Minimum 9 partners |No minimum capital. Liability is limited|Lower expenses as |No | |is a co-operative company| | |or unlimited |compared to a Private | | | | | |depending on the |Limi ted Company | | | | | |status. | | | According to the FITA website, Italy encourages the development of small and medium sized businesses and promotes jobs creation.Companies receive incentives through grants and tax exemptions if they are working in sectors of decline. Registration and licensing status must be drawn up in a deed by the solicitor. They must be introduced within 30 days with the register of companies, then with the Commercial Court of the province where the company will be located. A registration with the local Chamber of Commerce is also required, as well as a notice in the official journal of advertisements. These formalities take about 4 weeks. (www. fita. org) SWOT Analysis Strengths |Weaknesses | |   |   | |Tourism |Slow Developing Capitalist Economy | |Cotton Commodity |Declining Birth Rate | |Textiles Industry |High Debt Level | |European Union Member |Fiscal Budget Deficit | |   |Unskilled Workers | |   |   | |   |   | |Opportunities |Threats | |   |   | |Jobs Yielded From Tourism |Unemployment | |Jobs Yielded From Cotton |Poverty |High Investment Flow Potential |Potentially Insurmountable Debt | |High Export Country |   | |   |   | STRENGTHS Tourism â€Å"Rome, Venice, and Florence are the top three destinations for tourism in Italy. Other major tourist locations include Turin, Milan, Naples, Padua, Bologna, Perugia, Genoa, Sicily, Sardinia, Salento, and Cinque Terre. Two factors in each of these locations are history and geography. The Roman Empire, middle ages, and renaissance have left many cultural artifacts for the Italian tourist industry to use. Many northern cities are also able to use the Alps as an attraction for winter sports, while coastal southern cities have the Mediterranean Sea to draw tourists looking for sun.Italy is home to forty three UNESCO World Heritage Sites, more than any other country, including many entire cities such as Verona, Siena, Vicenza, Ferrara, San Gimignano, and Urbino. Rave nna hosts an unprecedented eight different internationally recognized sites. Italy is a true open-air museum with 65 percent of the world's artworks and historical monuments. † (Korea Times) Cotton Commodity † Cotton is a the fiber grown to make yarn, thread and a textile called â€Å"cotton† that is the most widely used natural fiber cloth in the world. Cotton’s long term growth potential is moderately favorable due to low scores on short supply and substitute products. † (Wiki Wealth) Textile Industry â€Å"The Italian textile and clothing industry is unique, lively, innovative, and leader in the world.Its innovation ability represents its main and most lasting competitive advantage. The â€Å"mission† of the Italian fashion system lies in offering original and very distinctive products, which meanwhile answer to consumer’s taste and meet his needs. This also implies a continuous improvement in technical performances of fibers, yarns, fabrics, and finishing. The success of the whole chain – from the first processes on fibers to fabrics, finishing operations, and final products for the market – is favored by the interaction of a sophisticated manufacturing network, where the strength of each element is at the same time a condition and a function of the vitality of the whole system.This dynamic combination of productive, creative, and managing activities involves about 67,500 industrial companies with large, medium, and even very small scale operations. This unique mix still turns out to be the main point of strength of Italian T/C industry, whose about 540,000 employees contribute to roughly 10 percent of the manufacturing sector’s added value. The strong export trend of the T/C industry is shown by the turnover share totalized abroad, amounting to 62 percent of total sales. The significant flow of exports ensures a foreign trade surplus of about 12 billion Euros, which compensate, to a large extent, the country’s deficit in energy and agriculture.Besides the value which can be measured in figures, Italian fashion, strongly founded on T/C, has enormously contributed to the definition of the ideas of Italian â€Å"good taste† and â€Å"life quality†, with positive effects on Italian products all over the world† (Slide Share) European Union Member â€Å"The European Union (EU) is a political and economic community of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Europe. It was established in 1993 by the Treaty of Maastricht, adding new areas of policy to the existing European Community founded in 1957. With almost 500  million citizens the EU is generating an estimated 33 percent share of the world's nominal gross domestic product (US$16. 6 trillion) in 2007.The EU comprises a single market created by a system of laws which apply in all member states, guaranteeing the freedom of movement of people, goods, services and capital. Fifteen memb er states have adopted a common currency, the euro. Passport control between many members has been abolished under the Schengen Agreement. The EU maintains common trade and agricultural policies, and a regional development policy. It has developed a role in foreign and security policies, and in justice and home affairs. The EU represents its members in the World Trade Organization and attends at G8 summits and at the United Nations. Twenty-one EU countries are members of NATO. The functioning of the EU involves a hybrid of government and supranational.Particularly the need for moderation of the single market has prompted the establishment of bodies capable of making decisions without the consent of national governments. The exact distribution of competences between member states and Union is explicitly defined in the proposed Treaty of Lisbon. Important institutions and bodies of the EU include the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Court of Justice , the European Central Bank, and the European Parliament which citizens elect every five years. † (EU School) WEAKNESSES Slow Developing Capitalist Economy â€Å"The Italian economy has changed dramatically since the end of World War II.From an agriculturally based economy, it has developed into an industrial state ranked as the world's fifth-largest industrial economy. Italy belongs to the Group of Eight (G-8) industrialized nations; it is a member of the European Union and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Italy has few natural resources. With much of the land unsuited for farming, it is a net food importer. There are no substantial deposits of iron, coal, or oil. Proven natural gas reserves, mainly in the Po Valley and offshore Adriatic, have grown in recent years and constitute the country's most important mineral resource. Most raw materials needed for manufacturing and more than 80 percent of the country's energy sources are imported.Ital y's economic strength is in the processing and the manufacturing of goods, primarily in small and medium-sized family-owned firms. Its major industries are precision machinery, motor vehicles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, electric goods, and fashion and clothing. Italy continues to grapple with budget deficits and high public debt–2. 6 percent and 105. 9 percent of GDP for 2008, respectively. Italy joined the European Monetary Union in 1998 by signing the Stability and Growth Pact, and as a condition of this Euro zone membership, Italy must keep its budget deficit beneath a 3 percent ceiling. The Italian Government has found it difficult to bring the budget deficit down to a level that would allow a rapid decrease of that debt.The worsening of the economic situation is expected to jeopardize this effort. The deficit is expected to grow well above the 3 percent ceiling in 2009 and 2010. Italy's economic growth averaged only 0. 8 percent in the period 2001-2008; 2008 GDP decreas ed 1. 0 percent, largely due to the global economic crisis and its impact on exports and domestic demand. GDP is expected to contract further, with a huge decrease in 2009 (ranging from 2 percent to 3 percent) as the Euro zone and world economies slow. Italy's closest trade ties are with the other countries of the European Union, with whom it conducts about 60. 1 percent of its total trade (2007 data).Italy's largest EU trade partners, in order of market share, are Germany (12. 9 percent), France (11. 4 percent), and the United Kingdom (5. 8 percent). Italy continues to grapple with the effects of globalization, where certain countries (notably China) have eroded the Italian lower-end industrial product sector. The Italian economy is also affected by a large underground economy–worth some 27 percent of Italy’s GDP. This production is not subject, of course, to taxation and thus remains a source of lost revenue to the local and central government. † (Travel Docs) Declining Birth Rate â€Å"Italy, as we all know, is the world center of the Catholic Church.Strangely, in spite of its deep-rooted Catholic culture and tradition, it has today changed into a nation having the second lowest birth rates in Europe, next only to Spain. At 1. 2 per woman that means one child per woman, according to Global Agenda Magazine. It was brought out in an article in April 2004 in the Sunday Telegraph that Sweden's Birth rate was close to Italy's though 50 percent higher. In order to arrest this situation, the Italian Government started offering 1,000 Euros to every woman who had a second child. Other traditionally Catholic nations, like Ireland and France, have the highest and second highest birth rates in Europe.Even Sweden has a 50 percent higher birth rate in comparison to Italy. These increased numbers may be due to better government-controlled child and health care facilities as well as incentives for families that have more children. † (Trans4Mind) High Debt Level â€Å"Italy’s public debt, the highest among the 27 nations of the European Union, rose last year as the economy contracted the most in more than 30 years, the country’s central bank said today. The debt climbed to 105. 8 percent of gross domestic product from 103. 5 in December 2007, the Bank of Italy said in a faxed statement. The debt reached 108. 1 percent of GDP in January 2009, the central bank also said. Italy will contract 2. percent in 2009 after shrinking 1 percent last year, Bank of Italy’s deputy director general, Ignacio Viscous, said on March 4. The budget deficit rose in 2008 to 2. 7 percent of GDP, the Rome-based national statistics office, Istat, said on March2. This year’s budget deficit will widen to 3. 7 percent of GDP and overall debt will soar to 110. 5 percent of output from 105. 9 percent, the government forecast on Feb. 9. Italy should raise the retirement age for women as a way to stop pension costs from increasi ng, European Union finance ministers said on March 10. As pensioners become a larger part of the population, falling tax receipts and increased government spending threaten to swell the overall debt. † (Italian Economy) Fiscal Budget Deficit Italy’s government cut its economic growth forecasts for this year and next, citing a â€Å"more contained† recovery in exports than in other European nations, and also raised its debt projections. Gross domestic product will rise 1 percent in 2010 and 1. 5 percent in 2011, down respectively from the 1. 1 percent and 2 percent predicted in January, according to the forecast included in a document posted on the Finance Ministry’s website today. The government raised its debt forecast to 118. 4 percent of GDP this year and 118. 7 percent next year, from a previous prediction of 116. 9 percent and 116. 5 percent, respectively. This month, the European Commission forecast Italian debt of 118. percent of GDP this year and 1 18. 9 percent in 2011. † (Italian Economy) Unskilled Workforce â€Å"Unemployment is a regional issue in Italy–low in the north, high in the south. The overall national rate is at its lowest level since 1992. Chronic problems of inadequate infrastructure, corruption, and organized crime act as disincentives to investment and job creation in the south. A significant underground economy absorbs substantial numbers of people, but they work for low wages and without standard social benefits and protections. Women and youth have significantly higher rates of unemployment than do men. Unions claim to represent 40 percent of the work force.Most Italian unions are grouped in four major confederations: the General Italian Confederation of Labor (CGIL), the Italian Confederation of Workers' Unions (CISL), the Italian Union of Labor (UIL), and the General Union of Labor (UGL), which together claim 35 percent of the work force. These confederations formerly were associated with im portant political parties or currents, but they have evolved into fully autonomous, professional bodies. The CGIL, CISL, and UIL are affiliated with the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) and customarily coordinate their positions before confronting management or lobbying the government. The confederations have had an important consultative role on national social and economic issues. † (Travel Docs) OPPORTUNITIES Jobs Yielded from Tourism â€Å"With more than 43. 7 million tourists a year, Italy ranks fourth among tourists destination in the world.People mainly come to Italy for its rich art, cuisine, history, fashion and culture, it's beautiful coastline and beaches, its mountains, and priceless ancient monuments, especially those from the Greek civilization and Roman civilization. Tourism is one of Italy's fastest growing and most profitable industrial sectors, with an estimated revenue of $42. 7 billion. † (Tourism In Italy) Jobs Yielded from C otton † Cotton is a the fiber grown to make yarn, thread and a textile called â€Å"cotton† that is the most widely used natural fiber cloth in the world. Cotton’s long term growth potential is moderately favorable due to low scores on short supply and substitute products. † (Cotton Commodity)High Investment Flow Potential Italy welcomes and encourages foreign direct investment, but the government of Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi that took office in April 2008 has taken only modest steps toward structural economic reform that could increase investment, business creation, production and employment. Economic policymakers have been mainly preoccupied addressing the effects on Italy of the severe global economic downturn. The GOI has focused on measures to stimulate aggregate demand and demand for products of sensitive sectors such as autos and household durable goods. In early 2009 the government adopted additional modest fiscal incentives for companies, fo reign ones included, investing in research and some new equipment, and temporarily eliminated a small surtax on firms. As an EU Member State, Italy is bound by EU treaties and legislation, some of which have an impact on business investment.Under the EU treaty’s right of establishment, Italy is generally obliged to provide national treatment to foreign investors established in Italy or in another EU member state. Exceptions include access to government subsidies for the film industry, capital requirements for banks domiciled in non-EU member countries, and restrictions on non-EU-based airlines operating domestic routes. Italy also has investment restrictions in the shipping sector. EU and Italian anti-trust laws give EU and Italian authorities the right to review mergers and acquisitions over a certain financial threshold. The government may block mergers involving foreign firms for â€Å"reasons essential to the national economy† or if the home government of the forei gn firm applies discriminatory measures against Italian firms.Foreign investors in the defense or aircraft manufacturing sectors are likely to encounter an opaque process and resistance from the many ministries charged with approving foreign acquisitions of existing assets or firms, most of which are controlled to some degree by the para-statal defense conglomerate Finmeccanica. The EU in 2009 ordered the GOI to recover from a US investor previously agreed subsidies for electricity. The GOI had provided these subsidies to induce the investor to keep two plants operating in Italy. The fate of the plants is up in the air, pending the GOI finding an acceptable mechanism to make energy available to the investor at a market-comparable price, i. e. , close to the median cost of electricity in other western European countries. † (Investment Climate) High Export Country â€Å"The demand for Italian products is at an all time high.Italy has become known for niche products, including f ashion eye-wear, specialized machine tools, packaging, stylish furniture, and other products featuring high design. Italy produced 1,579,656 automobiles in 2001, a 9 percent drop from 2000. It also manufactured 42,618 heavy trucks in 2000. The construction industry stands to gain in importance in the early 2000s, as Italy's less-developed regions are slated for infrastructure development. † (Industry in Italy) THREATS Unemployment â€Å"Unemployment is a regional issue in Italy–low in the north, high in the south. The overall national rate is at its lowest level since 1992. Chronic problems of inadequate infrastructure, corruption, and organized crime act as disincentives to investment and job creation in the south.A significant underground economy absorbs substantial numbers of people, but they work for low wages and without standard social benefits and protections. Women and youth have significantly higher rates of unemployment than do men. Unions claim to represent 40 percent of the work force. Most Italian unions are grouped in four major confederations: the General Italian Confederation of Labor (CGIL), the Italian Confederation of Workers' Unions (CISL), the Italian Union of Labor (UIL), and the General Union of Labor (UGL), which together claim 35 percent of the work force. These confederations formerly were associated with important political parties or currents, but they have evolved into fully autonomous, professional bodies.The CGIL, CISL, and UIL are affiliated with the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) and customarily coordinate their positions before confronting management or lobbying the government. The confederations have had an important consultative role on national social and economic issues. † (Travel Docs) Poverty â€Å"More than one in 25 Italians lived in absolute poverty before the latest recession hit the country as difficulty in entering the labor market made it hard for people to reach an a cceptable living standard. The number of Italians living below the level of absolute poverty reached 2. 4 million in 2007, statistics office Istat said today. That’s equivalent to 4. 1 percent of the population, up from 3. percent in 2006, the Rome-based statistics agency said in a report today. The absolute poverty threshold is based on a basket of necessary goods and services rather than on average household consumption, as in relative poverty.Italy entered its fourth recession since 2001 in the third quarter of last year as the global financial crisis aggravated the effects of waning productivity, prompting companies including Fiat Spa, Italy’s biggest manufacturer, and Luxottica Group Spa, the world’s largest eyeglasses maker, to cut jobs. Earlier this year, the government gave 1 million of the poorest pensioners and 300,000 of the lowest-paid employees shopping cards inspired by the U. S. subsidy program known as food stamps. The position of family members in the labor market is clearly related to whether the family is under the level of absolute poverty,† Istat said. â€Å"The most serious problems arise when no family member is employed or when a worker has retired and has no current or past income from employment; 20. 5 percent of people in this situation are in absolute poverty. † † (Italian Economy) Potentially Insurmountable Debt â€Å"Fears are mounting that Italy will be the next European country to be hit by the sovereign debt crisis, which has seen Greece’s credit rating slashed to junk. Markets believe Italy will be the next Euro zone country to see its credit rating downgraded due to its high levels of debt and weak economy.Were that to happen, it would severely impact Italy’s ability to borrow money and finance its operations. The panic in financial markets started with Greece – struggling to repay its creditors due to massive debts, low tax receipts, messy public finances and an a iling economy. † (Fears for Italy) Conclusion Global expansion to Italy should be favorable, especially among companies that can contribute to the country’s already booming tourism industries. Companies that specialize in economies of scale in production of textiles, precision machinery, chemicals, electric goods, food, and clothing could locate production facilities in this country. Jobs provided to unemployed workers would make up for the increased competition with domestic companies.Businesses could enter the Italian market and provide jobs to unemployed workers. This might persuade many younger citizens to turn away from crime and the mafia. These workers could then learn employment skills and earn an income to support their families. Unemployment rates would improve, and the workforce would be much more skilled and have more discretionary income per family. There are many strengths and opportunities to take advantage of, such as Italy’s membership in the EU, and the potential to create jobs. Although Italy is considered to currently be in a recession, it is not expected to last very much longer. Italy has experienced strong growth throughout various periods of time.Italians still continue to hold fast o their strong cultural values, and business is expected to continue to prosper. If the decision to expand business within Italy is made, the optimal mode of entry would be to enter the country with production facilities of goods that are not overly expensive. Italy has seen a decline in production of expensive luxury items such as the Fiat and various fashion designer items. It would be beneficial to a company entering the host country of Italy to consider the current status of the worldwide economy and Italy’s unmanageable high debt. It may be preferred to delay entering the Italian market until the temporary recession the country is in passes. Governments ay still block mergers and acquisitions, so a method of entry may be a Gre enfield operation, where the company enters the foreign market as a new operation.References Killinger, Charles. (2002). The History of Italy. Greenwood Pub Group. Hearder, H. (1990). Italy: A Short History. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Italy. (2010, June 15). Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Italy Amyot, G. (2004). Business, The State and Economic Policy – The Case of Italy. New York, NY: 2004. Members of the EU – Italy. (2010, June 15). Retrieved from http://europa. eu/abc/european_countries/eu_members/italy/index_en. htm Ecomony of Italy. (2010, June 15). Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Economy_of_Italy